Researchers have found that changes in the eye’s blood vessels—more particularly vessel twisting and abnormal crossings—could serve as early warning signs of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), according to a study published in Alzheimer’s and Dementia, The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association.

Early diagnosis of ADRD remains one of the greatest challenges in neurology, the authors said. Current diagnostic tools, including MRI, PET scans and cerebrospinal fluid tests, provide valuable information about brain health, but they are costly, invasive and typically performed only after symptoms appear, according to the authors.

This has fueled interest in identifying noninvasive biomarkers that could signal risk earlier. The retina, part of the central nervous system and easil

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