The Constituent Assembly pledged to transform an ancient civilisation into a modern nation-state predicated upon justice — social, economic and political — through equality of status and opportunity. This fundamental framework envisioned political, economic and social empowerment for historically disadvantaged social groups through specific constitutional interventions.

Articles 15 and 16 gave the state the right to promulgate laws for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes including the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Article 17 abolished untouchability, Article 23 prohibited human trafficking and forced labour, and Article 24 banned child labour, alongside constitutional prohibitions against discrimination based on caste, religion, race, sex and place of b

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