On October 6, 2025, Shimon Sakaguchi , a Japanese Immunologist, Mary E. Brunkow, an American molecular biologist and immunologist, Fred Ramsdell , an American immunologist, are declared as the winners of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 by the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden.

They are recognized for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance that prevents the immune system from harming the body.

Key Discoveries:

Regulatory T Cells: In 1995, Shimon Sagakuchi identified a subset of T cells that suppress immune responses, preventing autoimmune diseases. He termed these cells as regulatory T cells (Tregs) .

His work demonstrated that the immune system has a mechanism to control itself, ensuring it doesn’t attack the body’s o

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