By Johan Ahlander, Niklas Pollard and Ludwig Burger

Summary:

– Mary Brunkow , Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine .

– Their research on regulatory T cells showed how the immune system spares healthy cells.

– The work could lead to new treatments for autoimmune disease and cancer.

STOCKHOLM — American scientists Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Monday for work shedding light on how the immune system spares healthy cells, creating openings for possible new autoimmune disease and cancer treatments.

Their discoveries relate to peripheral immune tolerance, or “how we keep our immune system under control so we can fight all imaginable microbes and st

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