Speaking over phone, Professor John Clarke of the University of California, Berkeley, said that his team did not realise at the time, in 1985, that their discovery would lead to a Nobel Prize. "It was a surprise of a lifetime to put it lightly," the physicist added.

In a story that began forty years ago and culminated in global recognition, the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics celebrates how a simple table-top experiment from 1985 changed humanity’s grasp of the quantum world, and reshaped technology from our computers to mobile phones to supercomputers.

The laureates, John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis, weren’t searching for headlines. Instead, they were wrestling with a bold question: Could the strange laws of quantum mechanics, famous for governing invisible particles,

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