The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has announced that the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2025 will be jointly awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their revolutionary discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.

Their pioneering experiments—carried out on a chip—demonstrated quantum physics at work on a visible, tangible scale, bridging the once-distant worlds of quantum mechanics and classical physics.

One of the most fundamental questions in physics has long been: How large can a system be and still display quantum mechanical effects?

The 2025 laureates provided a profound answer. They showed that an electrical circuit large enough to hold in one’s hand can still exhibit unmistakable quantum phenom

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