Briton John Clarke, Frenchman Michel Devoret and American John Martinis won the Nobel Prize in Physics on Tuesday for putting quantum mechanics into action and enabling the development of all kinds of digital technology from cellphones to a new generation of computers.

The Nobel jury noted that their work had "provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers and quantum sensors".

Quantum mechanics describes how differently things work on incredibly small scales.

For example, when a normal ball hits a wall, it bounces back. But on the quantum scale, a particle will actually pass straight through a comparable wall – a phenomenon called "tunnelling".

"What these scientists were able to do was to basically

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