Lahore and Karachi, Pakistan — Abdul Hadi Nadir’s tiny body wears down quickly when the fever sets in. His skin turns yellow, he stops eating, and his mother, Rimsha Nadir, knows exactly what that means – it is time for more blood.

At a quiet but packed clinic in Lahore, Rimsha cradles her three-and-a-half-year-old son while sitting among other families with children.

Abdul Hadi is one of the youngest in the room. Around him, children sit quietly, some tethered to their IV drips and receiving blood. Nearby, a mother sits at the foot of her 12-year-old son’s reclining chair, gently massaging his leg.

Rimsha places her son on a chair beside her and hands him her mobile phone. The toddler is momentarily distracted by a video on what will be a long day of having to stay still.

Rimsha is a

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