After two years of pro-Palestinian protests calling for a ceasefire, the anticipated “day after” for Gaza has arrived. However, the situation remains dire. Despite the extensive death and destruction, Gaza continues to operate under the same conditions as before Hamas's attack on Israel on October 7, 2023. Hamas maintains control over daily life in Gaza, overseeing law and order, health, education, and the distribution of aid and food, often through violent means.

Following Israel's military withdrawal last week, Hamas militants have intensified their grip on the region. Reports indicate that beatings and executions have become commonplace as Hamas seeks retribution against Palestinian clans it accuses of collaborating with Israel or attempting to establish independent power bases. This violence raises questions about the terms of the ceasefire, which Hamas has publicly dismissed.

On Saturday, the U.S. State Department issued a warning about a potential ceasefire violation by Hamas. The following day, Israel responded with airstrikes against Hamas operatives in Rafah after the group allegedly attacked Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) troops.

The situation has drawn criticism from various leaders who previously advocated for a ceasefire, suggesting that they underestimated Hamas's role in Gaza's future. Francesca Albanese, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Occupied Palestinian Territories, has previously stated, "When you think of Hamas, you should not necessarily think of cut-throats, people armed to the teeth or fighters … it’s not like that." Albanese's comments reflect a belief that Hamas is misunderstood and that Gaza's future is tied to the group's governance.

Hamas politburo member Mohammed Nazzal indicated that disarmament is unlikely in the near future. Instead, he proposed a ceasefire lasting three to five years to allow for Gaza's reconstruction, with Hamas playing a significant role in the process. Nazzal suggested that only after achieving “horizons and hope” for Gazans would disarmament be considered.

This perspective contrasts sharply with the U.S. stance, which has historically refused to negotiate with terrorist organizations. Critics argue that Hamas's survival relies on its use of terror, complicating any potential peace efforts. Albanese has described Hamas as a political force, emphasizing its role in providing public services while overlooking the violence and corruption that underpin its authority.

As the situation in Gaza evolves, Israel is looking to establish a period of stability along its southern border. Many Israeli military reservists have returned to civilian life, signaling a shift in focus as the region grapples with the aftermath of conflict and the uncertain path ahead.