With the Gaza war over, Iran is tallying two turbulent years that pulled it into a wider circle of fighting and fire, contrary to the restraint Tehran had sought to maintain before the war.

In the wake of the shock delivered by Israel in the June Israel-Iran war, known as “Operation Rising Lion” in Israel, and the heavy blow to its proxy network, it appears Iran is taking steps to rebuild its deterrence and is signaling an intent to renew its “ring of fire” around Israel.

That decision comes amid rising external pressure, including the activation of the U.N. Security Council snapback sanctions mechanism, and a sense of trauma in Iran after having been surprised by Israel.

The first worrying sign

Tehran appears focused on increasing the range of its ballistic missiles to intercontinenta

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