An investigation of a cosmic explosion that marked the violent death of a massive star has called into question our understanding of the connection between ejected debris violently striking surrounding matter and the energy output of these events.

The supernova at the heart of this research, designated SN 2024bch, erupted around 65 million light-years away from Earth and was first observed in February 2024. It is an example of a Type II supernova, an explosion that occurs when nuclear fusion ceases in the solid iron core of a massive star, causing it to collapse, sending shockwaves into the star's outer layers, leading to them being ejected.

Scientists have always assumed that when this stellar ejecta violently slams into dense gas surrounding the dying star, known as the circumstellar m

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