India stands at a pivotal moment in its energy journey. The IMF forecasts GDP growth in the mid-6% range, reaffirming India as the world’s fastest-growing major economy. That growth is energy-intensive — more factories, freight, and flights mean rising demand for oil and gas. IEA estimates that India alone will drive the largest share of global oil demand growth through 2030, adding close to a million barrels per day.

Electrons are rising, but molecules still matter

India’s progress in renewables is undeniable. Solar and wind capacity have expanded rapidly, and bioenergy is emerging as a credible player. Yet transitions are never instantaneous. Two structural realities — fleet turnover and industrial heat — ensure hydrocarbons will remain central for decades. Even by 2040, fewer than hal

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