Naveen P Singh & Dinesh C Meena, Respectively Principal and Senior Scientist with ICAR-NIAP, New Delhi

Few images capture the spirit of Green Revolution more vividly than the sight of sacks of chemical fertiliser stacked on a farmer’s porch, symbols of hope that once promised to transform India’s food security overnight. The sacks represent the dramatic shift in agricultural practices starting in the 1960s, when modern inputs like high-yield seeds, mechanisation, irrigation, and synthetic fertilisers replaced traditional farming methods. Yet, behind this promise lies a complex legacy of both miraculous productivity gains and emerging environmental and economic challenges. The chemicals that rescued India from famine in the 20th century now pose a threat. Fertiliser use has topped a nati

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