Cervical cancer , which affects the reproductive tract, is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. It is primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a viral infection that spreads through sexual contact. While regular screening tests and preventive HPV vaccines can lower the risk of developing the disease, there are no approved therapeutic medicines to treat existing infections or HPV-associated cancers. As a result, current treatments remain limited to surgery, radiotherapy , or chemotherapy .

Now, researchers from Chiba University, Japan, have developed a therapeutic HPV vaccine that can be administered through the nose. This new intranasal vaccine could provide a non-invasive treatment option for individuals already infected with the virus. Unlike injectable

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