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( THE CONVERSATION ) After 43 days, the U.S. government shutdown finally came to an end late on Nov. 12, 2025, when Congress voted through a long-overdue funding bill, which President Donald Trump promptly signed.

At a Glance:

The 43-day shutdown reduced consumer spending and tourism, hurting retailers and travel industries.

Economists estimate $7–$14 billion in permanent GDP losses from furloughs and halted services.

International trust in U.S. economic stability weakened amid political dysfunction and credit concerns.

Low-income households, SNAP recipients, and regions with large federal workforces were hit hardest.

But the prolonged gap in government-as-usual has come at a cost to the economy .

The Conversation spoke with RIT economist Amit

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