The sight of dead animals on the ground was a shocking sight for farmer Anastasios Kasparidis.

The large paw prints in the earth left no doubt they had been killed by a bear, a once rare but now increasingly frequent visitor in this part of northwestern Greece.

Environmentalists have welcomed the rebound of bear and wolf populations thanks to the protected species designation that banned them being hunted.

But some farmers and residents of rural areas say they now fear for their livelihoods and, in some cases, their safety.

They are calling for greater protection in a phenomenon playing out elsewhere in Europe, with some arguing conservation has gone too far and pushing to roll back restrictions.

Brown bears, Greece’s largest predator, have made a remarkable comeback. Their numbers have increased roughly fourfold since the 1990s, said Dimitris Bakaloudis, a professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki who specializes in wildlife management and conservation.

Up to an estimated 870 brown bears roam the forests of northern Greece, according to the most recent survey by Arcturos, an environmental organization set up in 1992 that provides a sanctuary for rescued bears and wolves.

And it's not just bears. Wolves also have seen their numbers rise.

Their recovery has been sustained in part by the also increasing population of wild boars, which is unrelated to conservation efforts.

Rather, a combination of a number of factors, including a reduction of hunting, milder winters and cross-breeding with domestic pigs have led them to reproduce at a faster rate, Bakaloudis explained.

Viewed by many as pests that destroy crops, the sight of a dozen or more boars trotting along sidewalks or snuffling through backyards are no longer uncommon in many parts of Greece.

The larger number of wild animals has also resulted in more contact with humans — the vast majority of whom are unfamiliar with how to behave during an encounter.

Lack of familiarity has led to fear in some communities, particularly following a small number of serious incidents this year: a child bitten by a wolf, an elderly man injured by a bear in his yard, a hiker bitten by a bear and another hiker who died after falling into a ravine during a bear encounter.

In Levea, a village of about 660 people surrounded by fields in northwestern Greece, several bear encounters were reported in October, while boars frequently roam through the village, said community president Tzefi Papadopoulou. The bears especially had frightened residents.

“As soon as they heard a dog bark, they were ready to go out with the gun,” she said.

It's similar in the nearby village of Valtonera, 170 kilometers west of Greece’s second largest city, Thessaloniki.

The burgeoning wild boar population, meanwhile, has led to calls for the hunting season to be extended.

Giorgos Panagiotidis, deputy mayor of the nearby small town of Amyntaio, said boars had been increasingly encroaching on houses.

In May, he asked authorities for hunters to be allowed to shoot boars out of season to tackle the problem.

Experts note it isn't just the larger number of wild animals that has led to encroachment on urban areas.

Many factors are at play, they say, from loss of habitat due to wildfires, to noise disturbances from wind turbines and recreational vehicles, and animals emboldened by dwindling human populations in villages.

Measures to keep wolves and bears at bay have been developed and approved by scientists, said Bakaloudis, the Thessaloniki university professor, including using lights around property, proper disposal of trash and dead livestock and avoiding feeding strays.

AP Video by Vassilis Kommatas. Production by Costas Kantouris and Theodora Tongas. Narration by Elena Becatoros.