In a major overhaul of India’s labour framework, the government on Friday implemented all four labor codes, replacing 29 existing laws in what officials described as the most significant reform in the sector since Independence. The Codes—on Wages, Industrial Relations, Social Security, and Occupational Safety and Health—comes into effect from today.

The move brings together decades-old labour rules that were scattered across multiple legislations into a consolidated framework. Many of these older laws date back to the pre-Independence and early post-Independence era, and were widely considered outdated for an economy that has undergone rapid formalisation and a shift towards newer forms of work.

The government said the new framework is meant to simplify compliance for employers and exten

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