The Supreme Court’s Constitution Bench, led by CJI B.R. Gavai, has clarified how India’s federal system must function. The court said it cannot fix timelines for the President or Governors, but Governors also cannot stall bills indefinitely. While gubernatorial actions aren’t justiciable, courts may step in if there is prolonged inaction. The Bench also held that ‘deemed assent’ has no place in the Constitution, raising questions about the earlier Tamil Nadu bills verdict.

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