The world is dangerously off-track in its efforts to prevent the worst effects of climate change. 1 Based on current trends, global average temperatures over 2025-29 will be 1.2-1.9°C higher than the pre-industrial average. 2 China is the world’s largest emitter of climate warming emissions (although its per capita emissions are below those of some other economies). 3 As such, its recent announcement that it will cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 7-10% by 2035 is welcome. 4

China has historically prioritised economic development over environmental protection, with its emission reduction targets expressed in relation to growth. For example, the country’s 2021 nationally determined contribution (national climate plans required under the Paris agreement) committed to a 65% reduction

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