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India has moved a step closer to modernising its labour framework, with the Ministry of Labour & Employment announcing the rollout of the four consolidated labour codes — on Wages, Industrial Relations, Social Security, and Occupational Safety & Working Conditions — effective November 21, 2025. The reform replaces 29 central labour laws, marking one of the most extensive legislative updates in decades.

The new Codes aim to simplify compliance, widen social-security coverage and introduce consistent protections for workers across sectors. Under the Code on Wages, every worker — regardless of industry — is now legally entitled to a minimum wage. Employers must issue written appointment letters, ensuring greater clarity on work ter

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