Lt Gen Narendra Kotwal (R ), Dr Sumedha Kotwal

When we look deeply into matter, the solidity of the world begins to dissolve. What appears hard, tangible, and immutable turns out, under the scrutiny of science, to be mostly empty space, woven together by patterns of energy. Einstein’s timeless equation, E = mc², revealed that matter and energy are two forms of the same essence, interchangeable, interdependent, and inseparable. The atom, once thought to be the indivisible building block of nature, has surrendered its status to a subatomic world of quarks, leptons, and gluons, minute vibrations in the quantum field. In truth, there is no such thing as “solid” matter; there is only energy condensed into form, vibration slowed into visibility.

At the subatomic level, particles such as electr

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