OTTAWA—Mark Carney, the central banker-turned prime minister, boasts he “knows numbers” but with his backing of a future new oil pipeline from Alberta to B.C., he may have miscalculated the political price to pay.

Within the federal Liberal caucus and outside it, on the federal-provincial stage, there are fissures developing.

Carney, pressed Thursday about caucus concerns and whether there is enough in the Alberta energy deal to keep Steven Guilbeault, the former environment minister and Carney’s Quebec political lieutenant in cabinet, Carney said curtly, “It’s enough for the government of Canada.”

“I’m the prime minister, and my role is to make decisions in the interests of Alberta and Canada. And what we’re seeking here are the results, real emissions reductions, and that requires inv

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