The UK could face a £10.8 billion ($14.4 billion) hit due to the restrictions on legal immigration proposed by the government earlier this year, according to an impact assessment from the Home Office.

The cumulative monetized cost of the changes to the immigration system, which were put forward by the government in a May white paper, ranges from £2.2 billion to £10.8 billion over the next five years, the Home Office estimated in a paper published this week.

In May, Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s government proposed the UK should only allow graduate-level workers to apply for the Skilled Worker or Health and Care Worker visas, raise the salary threshold needed for workers to apply for visas, and ban the recruitment of overseas social care workers.

Most of those changes were implemented in

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