The terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament on December 13, 2001, which is a strong symbol of India's sovereignty, is still one of the most critical challenges that India has faced when it came to its security. This situation forced the Indian government, led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, to undertake Operation Parakram, which involved moving 500,000 to 800,000 troops to the border. However, after nine months of the most significant military standoff since the end of World War II, India called a retreat. The question is, what led India to withdraw from the brink of war?

On this day, the country is celebrating the martyrdom of the courageous martyrs who laid down their lives in defense of the temple of democracy. The attack, carried out by five terrorists affiliated with the Pakistan-based La

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