Since MPs and senators returned in September after the summer break, Parliament has only passed one bill into law other than the routine spending bills required to keep the government running.

The House of Commons wrapped up 2025 with another below-average number of sitting days – just 72 – as Prime Minister Mark Carney’s minority government struggled to advance priority legislation.

With no formal partner in the Commons, the Liberals are unable to shut down debates to move bills through the legislative process – which includes second-reading debates, study by a House committee, report stage and third-reading debates, and then a similar process in the Senate.

The Liberals are now just one seat short of a majority government after the surprise announcement shortly after the House rose

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