A recent study published in Nature investigated new ways that cancer can make people resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy. It found that cancer-induced nerve injury (CINI) and perineural invasion (PNI) are two direct immunoregulatory mechanisms that make people resistant to the therapy in a number of cancer types, such as gastric cancer, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and melanoma.

The introduction of anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 immunotherapies has changed oncology forever, yet there is still a big problem: most patients still don't respond to treatment. Historically, the exact way that PNI leads to bad outcomes and its involvement in controlling the immune system in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has not been well understood. PNI is also a well-known sign of a bad prognosis in many for

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