WASHINGTON — The federal government has shut down after Republicans and Democrats in Congress failed to reach a compromise and pass a funding bill, requiring agencies to furlough their “non-excepted” employees.

Excepted employees, which include those who work to protect life and property, stay on the job but don’t get paid until after the shutdown ends.

What closes during a shutdown?

All administrations get some leeway to choose which services to freeze and which to maintain in a shutdown. And each federal agency develops its own shutdown plan. The plans outline which workers would stay on the job during a shutdown and which would be furloughed.

The first Trump administration worked to blunt the impact of what became the country’s longest partial shutdown in 2018 and 2019. But on

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