The resurgence of interstate conflict in recent years is striking — but even more remarkable is the parallel surge in political violence and the erosion of respect for norms of order.

In an article for World Politics Review , Dr Paul Poast, associate professor in the Department of Political Science and a nonresident fellow at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, highlights how lawlessness has grown not only across borders but within states themselves, as the lines between external aggression and internal coercion become blurred.

The result is a world not merely at war, but increasingly willing to embrace force as a tool of politics, domestically and internationally.

Poast warns that the classic paradigm of civil war or interstate conflict is no longer sufficient to capture the curre

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