An AI tool developed by a Harvard Medical School–led team of researchers accurately distinguishes between glioblastoma and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors during surgery, helping surgeons make critical treatment decisions in real time.

The tool, known as PICTURE (Pathology Image Characterization Tool with Uncertainty-aware Rapid Evaluations), demonstrated almost perfect accuracy in differentiating glioblastoma from primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), a far less common malignancy that is frequently misdiagnosed as glioblastoma.

“I was struck by the very high level of accuracy,” said study senior author Kun-Hsing Yu, MD, PhD, associate professor of biomedical informatics in the Blavatnik Institute at HMS and HMS assistant professor of pathology at Brigham and Women’s

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