In the absence of stronger federal regulation, some states have begun regulating apps that offer AI "therapy" as more people turn to artificial intelligence for mental health advice.

But the laws, all passed this year, don't fully address the fast-changing landscape of AI software development. And app developers, policymakers and mental health advocates say the resulting patchwork of state laws isn't enough to protect users or hold the creators of harmful technology accountable.

"The reality is millions of people are using these tools and they're not going back," said Karin Andrea Stephan, CEO and co-founder of the mental health chatbot app Earkick.

The state laws take different approaches. Illinois and Nevada have banned the use of AI to treat mental health. Utah placed certain limits

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