Scroll through any social media app right now, and you’ll find teenage boys and men in their early 20s debating testosterone levels. Some champion “ testosterone maxxing , which means naturally increasing production through diet, workouts, or supplements. Others take it further, promoting testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) injections as a shortcut to better energy, muscle growth, or confidence. Viewed through the lens of social media, it can seem like a modern health crisis: a generation of young men convinced their hormones are failing them.

There is a kernel of truth to this. Studies have found that average testosterone levels have been declining in males of all ages over the last two decades. “The way we live our lives—we're not as active, we’re eating a lot more processed food

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