Over the summer, a slew of bands began to make similar announcements on social media: They’d be pulling their music off Spotify, the largest streaming service in the world.

It started in June with indie rock quartet Deerhoof . Within weeks, groups like Xiu Xiu , King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard and Hotline TNT followed suit. The wave of departures continued into September; most recently, The Mynabirds , WU LYF, Kadhja Bonet and Young Widows have all decided to leave Spotify. So why are musicians — many of them independent — removing their songs from the most popular streamer globally, which has nearly 700 million users?

All artists cite Spotify CEO Daniel Ek’s ties to Helsing, an artificial intelligence defense company with a mission to “attain technological leadership so

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