In October 2024, a light-rail station five minutes from my home in Israel became the scene of a terror attack by Hamas. Two militants opened fire on passengers, then turned to knives, killing seven people and injuring 17 others. A young mother died shielding her 9‑month‑old baby son. Since that night, the shadow of that violence lingers every time I pass the station. The attack was unmistakably terrorism—planned, ideological and designed to spread fear. As mass violence is increasingly evolving to include random or psychotically driven attacks, our laws and language must evolve for this new reality.

Just days ago, on Nov. 1, another train attack unfolded, this time in the United Kingdom. On a London-bound train, a 33-year-old British man of Caribbean descent moved through the carriages,

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