India’s four new Labour Codes came into effect on Friday, replacing 29 existing labour laws and marking one of the most sweeping reforms to India’s labour governance framework. The new rules aim to improve wages, expand social security, strengthen workplace safety, and simplify compliance for employers.

Four codes under a unified labour framework

The reforms combine key labour rules into four consolidated codes:

Code of Wages (2019)

Industrial Relations Code (2020)

Code on Social Security (2020)

Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code (2020)

Together, they create a modernised, uniform system for wage regulation, industrial relations, social protection, and safety standards across sectors.

PM Modi calls reforms “most progressive since Independence”

Prime Minister Na

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