In California’s Moss Landing, more than 1,000 people were forced to evacuate in January when one of the largest storage facilities for lithium-ion batteries in the world caught fire. Days later, the toxic metals nickel, cobalt and manganese were found at a nearby estuary, Elkhorn Slough, in unusually high concentrations . One county supervisor called it a “wake-up call” for battery safety in the ongoing push for sustainable energy. Local residents sued several companies involved with the batteries and their storage , claiming negligence and that the lithium-ion batteries being stored there were “prone to thermal instability.”

Though the federal government deems lithium-ion batteries “generally safe,” law enforcement agencies periodically remind the public of their risks , such

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