New Delhi: India has officially brought four new labour codes into force from 21 November, replacing and rationalising 29 older laws in what the government calls a landmark overhaul aimed at ensuring “dignity for every worker”, especially women.

The Ministry of Labour and Employment said the updated framework modernises regulations that were originally crafted in the 1930s–50s, addressing gaps in wages, safety, social security and workplace equality. The four codes now in effect are:

Code on Wages, 2019

Industrial Relations Code, 2020

Code on Social Security, 2020

Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020

Union Labour Minister Mansukh Mandaviya hailed the rollout as a major step towards a “self-reliant” and “developed” India by 2047.

What the new labour codes p

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